Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. The americancanadian psychologist mary ainsworth 191999 developed the strange situation procedure ssp to measure motherchild attachment and attachment theorists have used it ever since. Strange situation mary ainsworth, child, and attachment. Mary ainsworth strange situation flashcards quizlet. The aims of this study were to assess how infants between 9 and 18 months behave under conditions of mild stress in order to test stranger anxiety, separation anxiety and.
The mary ainsworth attachment theory focuses on providing an explanation as to why there are individual differences in. Mary ainsworth theory a strange situation in attachment. Mary ainsworth concluded that the strange situation could be used to identify the childs type of attachment has been criticized on the grounds that it identifies only the type of attachment to the mother. Babies and toddlers cant use words to tell us how they feel so mary ainsworth needed to find a way to allow them to show her. Mary ainsworth, attachment styles, the strange situation, infantparent attachment, uganda study, security. Readers, especially researchers and practitioners, will appreciate wideranging components, including instruction to the mother, coding instruction, scoring systems, and maternal caregiving and interaction scales. Although originally designed to elicit behaviors presumed to be universal among infants. Pdf the americancanadian psychologist mary ainsworth 191999 developed the strange situation procedure ssp to measure. The strange situation is a semistructured laboratory procedure that allows us to identify, without lengthy home observation, infants who effectively use a primary. Attachment theory is centered on the emotional bonds between people and suggests that our earliest attachments can leave a lasting mark on our lives. As an illustration of these concepts, a study is reported of 56 white, middleclass infants, 4951 weeks of age, in a strange situation. This volume contains clear tables of quantitative research findings and perfect illustration of the strange situation. Ainsworth conducted her first observational study of infantmother interaction during a.
The security of attachment in one to twoyearolds were investigated using the strange situation paradigm, in order to determine the nature of attachment behaviors and styles of attachment. The research she had conducted is under being in experimental settings, and has been named as the strange situation. Ainsworth s strange situation in her 1970s research, psychologist mary ainsworth expanded greatly upon bowlbys original work. Attachment psychology bibliographies cite this for me. John bowlby was the original founder of attachment theory this began after world war ii where he found many children became orphans at a very young age and concluded that attachment was crucial for development miler, 2011. Revisiting mary ainsworths conceptualization and assessments of. Today, the technique of ainsworth s strange situation is commonly used in psychiatry and psychology to examine the attachment pattern between mother and a child. The strange situation mary ainsworth 1969 psychology. Born december 19 died in the year 1999 worked with john bowlby at tavistock clinic in england where she began her research of maternalinfant attachments known for her development of the strange situation assessment used to observe child attachment identified that three main. Wagners art is the most sensational selfportrayal and self critique of german nature that it is possible to conceive. The procedure is conducted with someone who is assumed to be an attachment. The strange situation is a procedure devised by mary ainsworth in the 1970s to observe attachment in children, that is relationships between a caregiver and child.
The ones marked may be different from the article in the profile. Situation procedure ssp to measure motherchild attachment and. Ainsworth and her colleagues created a laboratory test that measured an infants attachment to his or her parent. Mary ainsworth went against this body of research because she believed that attachments were formed through a process that was much more complex than previously discussed. Ainsworth was a student of the leading developmental psychologist john bowlby. As such, it is difficult and timeconsuming to assess in homes and unconstrained outdoor settings. Bowlby established the foundation for ainsworth s attachment theory. Each of them has roots in the strange situation and the secure base concept presented in patterns of attachment. The ainsworth strange situation this behavior occurs across time and across contexts. Waters, everett wall, sally and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at. Attachment theory was further developed by mary ainsworth 19 1999 and her assessment technique called the strange situation classification ssc. The strange situation episodes adapted from ainsworth et al.
The goal of the strange situation procedure is to provide an environment that would arouse in the infant both the motivation to explore and the urge to seek security. Mary ainsworths 1971, 1978 observational study of individual differences in attachment is described below. She carefull y explained to him the bases for the baltimore observations which had developed from her uganda field studies in the later 50s ainsworth, 1967. The strange situation is not a test of whether the infant is attached to the adult. Mary ainsworth s research work on attachment helps us to understand the child development better. Broadly speaking, the attachment styles were 1 secure, 2 insecure ambivalent and avoidance. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Retrieved on date from the ainsworth strange situation. Patterns of attachment a psychological study of the strange situation classic edition mary d. Strange situation procedure ssp to measure motherchild attachment and attachment theorists have used it ever since. Evaluation on the the ainsworths strange situation. It inclusion in the psychology press classic editions series reflects patterns of attachments continuing significance and insures its availability to new generations of. Nevertheless, observations of motherchild interactions in ainsworth et als 1978 baltimore studies led to the theory that the mothers role was to provide a safe and.
Of strange situation studies already reported in the literature, only two have been guided by an ethologicalevolutionaiy point of view. When ainsworth published the first results of the ssp in 1969, it seemed a completely novel and unique instrument. In separation episodes such behaviors as crying and search increased. The strange situation procedure, developed by american psychologist mary ainsworth, is widely used in child development research. Mary ainsworth and the strange situation technique. Mary ainsworth patterns of attachment 1978 patterns of attachment ainsworth patterns of attachment a psychological study of the strange situation attachment the power of attachment theories of attachment attachment disorder in adults how to draw attachment details theories of attachment mooney signage.
Mary ainsworth proposed a method to help analysing human infants attachment types. Why mary ainsworth is important in child psychology. December 1, 19 march 21, 1999 was an americancanadian developmental psychologist known for her work in the development of the attachment theory. Mary ainsworth december 1, 19 march 21, 1999 was a developmental psychologist perhaps best known for her strange situation assessment and contributions to the area of attachment theory. The child may have a different type of attachment to the father or grandmother, for example lamb, 1977. It has 8 predetermined stages, including the mother leaving the child, for a short while, to play with available toys in the presence of a stranger. Interactive behaviors and attachment patterns in the strange. Wittig at johns hopkins university devised the strange situation procedure in the 1960s to demonstrate. Mary ainsworth with a mother and toddler the strange situation mary ainsworth 1971 a controlled observation procedure used to classify attachment behaviour in mobile babies and toddlers. Each of them has roots in the strange situation and the secure base concept presented in.
This cited by count includes citations to the following articles in scholar. Mary ainsworth theory a strange situation in free download as word doc. The aims of this study were to assess how infants between 9 and 18 months behave under conditions of mild stress in order to test stranger anxiety, separation anxiety and the secure base concept. It applies to children between the age of nine and 18 months. Mary ainsworth s strange situation is a developmental psychology study that investigates the patterns of attachment in infants one to two years old. The strange situation was a testing procedure created by mary ainsworth et al. The test is called the strange situation technique because it is conducted in a context that is unfamiliar to the child and therefore likely to heighten the childs need for his or her parent ainsworth. Canadian psychologist mary ainsworth 191999 developed the strange situation procedure ssp to measure mother. Outline the procedure used in ainsworths strange situation and the classifications of attachment that result. Ainsworth developed an experimental procedure in order to observe the variety of attachment forms exhibited between mothers and infants. Mary ainsworth attachment styles simply psychology.
Megan white tiffany mcneish nikki devante jem rogich 2. Inge bretherton acted as the stranger in the strange situation, mary blehar, dick tracy, and sylvia bell added to the demonstrations. What the strange situation measures proximity seeking how close the child stays to the caregiver. In the original study, 10to24 month old infants were subjected to a strange setting which involved the parent briefly leaving the child alone in a room and then returning, then a unfamiliar female entered the room, and the parent leaves the child for a second time, but.
The study involves with having the infants and their mothers being at a strange room with toys. The strange situation was devised by ainsworth and wittig 1969 and was based on. In 1969, american psychologist mary ainsworth developed a new procedure for studying attachment types in infants. A psychological study of the strange situation by ainsworth, mary d.
490 1527 197 1541 1088 1056 841 1378 963 805 1571 731 1651 290 1615 394 377 956 735 1086 1119 441 783 738 485 199 1159 663 660 859 1213 63 1066 1002 1183 1192 477 853 1469 1061 1231 1488 473 660 661 767 1294